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73:title–28 This is the first psalm in Book Three of Psalms (Pss 73–89; see note on 1:1–6). In this wisdom psalm (meant to pass along wise sayings), the psalmist contrasts righteousness and wickedness. He begins by summarizing how God is good (v. 1); he then recounts his near ruin from his fixation on the prosperity of evil people (vv. 2–3). After observing that evildoers enjoy the fruits of their wickedness without punishment (vv. 4–12), the psalmist expresses disillusionment, stating that it seems that he has followed God’s way pointlessly (vv. 13–14). He looks back on his complaint (v. 15) and reevaluates his frustrations in the context of worshiping God (vv. 16–17). By doing so, he realizes God will eventually punish the wicked (vv. 18–20). The psalmist then identifies the destructive effects of his bitterness on his ability to recognize God’s authority (vv. 21–22). He recalls God’s help and guidance (vv. 23–24), renews his commitment to God (vv. 25–26), and reaffirms God’s eventual punishment of the wicked (v. 27). He concludes by proclaiming his gladness in seeking refuge in God (v. 28).

The primary focus of Psa 73 is the internal experience of the psalmist; this is exemplified by the use of the word “heart” six times (vv. 1, 7, 13, 21, 26). The psalmist also mentions envy (v. 3) and bitterness (v. 21). In addition, this psalm also focuses on the contrast between ignorance (v. 22) and discernment (v. 17).

Following Jesus When You Want to Give Up Devotional

73:title A song See note on 3:title.

of Asaph As with the affiliation of particular psalms with David, this affiliation with Asaph does not necessarily indicate authorship (see note on 3:title).

50 and Pss 73–83 are affiliated with Asaph. This, and a mention of the words of Asaph the seer in 2 Chr 29:30, seems to indicate that the psalms of Asaph (at least Pss 73–83) were already a collection of psalms prior to being incorporated into the current form of the book of Psalms. Asaph the son of Berechiah was a worship leader among the Levites in King David’s era. Asaph played the cymbals, sang, and was in charge of music when the ark of the covenant was brought to Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:17, 19; 16:4–7). Asaph’s descendants had a role in both the first Jerusalem temple and the later second temple (2 Chr 20:14; 29:13; 35:15; Ezra 2:41; Neh 7:44).

Asaph NBD

Asaph HIBD

David and the Psalm Titles

Asaph

Twelve psalms are attributed to Asaph, mostly within Book Three (Pss 50; 73–83). The Bible includes several individuals named “Asaph,” but the psalm titles likely refer to Asaph, son of Berechiah (1 Chr 6:39). He was a Levite appointed by David to worship before the ark (1 Chr 16:4–7). David later established his family as temple musicians (1 Chr 25:1–2). His descendants continued this role throughout the period of the kings (2 Chr 35:15) and again after the exile (Ezra 3:10; Neh 11:17).

73:1–3 The opening verse of this psalm indicates it is retrospective. The psalmist presents the prosperity of the wicked as a resolved problem before he has presented the problem itself. Two structural markers also demonstrate this retrospective overview: use of the word “Truly” or “Surely” (Ps 73:1, 18); the phrase “But as for me” or “But for me” (vv. 2, 28).

73:1 Surely The Hebrew word used here, akh, expresses certainty. It shows the psalmist’s sense of conviction following his crisis. Compare v. 18.

those pure of heart The psalmist distinguishes fidelity to God from simple national identity.

Purity NBD

73:2 But as for me The psalmist focuses on his individual experience as a way to approach the issue of the prosperity of the wicked (v. 3).

my feet had almost stumbled A term expressing disaster. The psalmist will identify his own envy (v. 3) and bitterness (v. 21) as the source of his near ruin.

Stumbling DBT

73:3 the well-being of the wicked Though many passages in the ot depict God punishing evildoers, ot writers often struggle when they see the wicked experience good things.

73:4–12 The psalmist leaves his retrospective viewpoint (see note on vv. 1–3) and laments in the present tense. He begins describing the benefits the wicked enjoy (vv. 4–5), but he focuses on their arrogance before God (vv. 6–12).

73:5 as other people Indicates that everything seems to go well for the wicked.

73:6 violence The Hebrew word used here, chamas, can refer to injustice or exploitation as well as physical attacks.

Violence HIBD

73:9 They set their mouth against the heavens The wicked openly speak against God.

73:13–14 The psalmist despairs that his observance of God’s seems futile.

73:14 I have been plagued The Hebrew word used here, naga' (which may be rendered “to strike” or “to rebuke”), is sometimes connected to God’s discipline (see Prov 3:12).

Ps 73:15–20

In this section, the psalmist presents the process of decision-making, which eventually leads to understanding. The psalmist ends his lament and identifies it as internal musing (v. 15). He chooses to view the continued prosperity of the wicked through the experience of worship, where he is able to understand a bigger picture (v. 17). He then depicts the eventual punishment of the wicked (vv. 18–20).

73:15 If I had said Indicates that the tirade of vv. 4–14 was an internal lament for the psalmist; he did not express it publicly.

your children’s generation The psalmist describes his complaint as a betrayal of His people—Israel. Compare 24:3–6.

73:17 until I went into the sanctuary of God The psalmist gains a new perspective after he enters God’s sanctuary to worship. Psa 73 depicts several choices the psalmist makes in the face of his despair; the choice to worship is crucial to the new outlook he develops.

Then I understood their fate As long as the psalmist remained bitter, he was unable to see the situation correctly (vv. 21–22).

73:18 Surely The use of the Hebrew word akh here echoes the opening of the psalm, where the psalmist affirms God’s goodness to Israel (see v. 1 and note).

you set them on slippery places The psalmist expresses his conviction that God will judge evildoers.

73:21–28 Verses 21–22 could be seen as a portion of the psalmist’s response following his worship experience (v. 17). However, it also marks a shift toward his renewed trust in God and His justice. This passage emphasizes the psalmist’s new perspective and his expression of satisfaction with God.

73:21 I felt stabbed in my kidneys The Hebrew word used here, kilyah, literally refers to the kidneys. Ancient Israelites thought of the kidneys as the center of a person’s emotional being.

Kidney HIBD

73:22 I was brutish and ignorant The psalmist’s resentment and mistrust had misconstrued his perceptions of God and reality.

73:23 you have hold of my right hand The psalmist is portraying God as very near.

73:24 afterward you will take me into honor The psalmist may be contrasting his fate with that of the wicked, who will eventually be punished and destroyed (vv. 17–18).

73:26 reward The Hebrew word used here, cheleq, is also used to describe the allotment of the land of Canaan to the tribes of Israel (Josh 14:5; 18:2). The psalmist describes God as his share (or portion) in the present world.

Portion HIBD

Portion EDB

73:27 will be ruined The psalmist reaffirms his conviction that the wicked will be punished and also provides a contrast with those who are pure in heart (Ps 73:1).

73:28 But as for me, the approach to God is for my Expresses the psalmist’s new sense of peace in terms that recall his earlier crisis (compare v. 2).

tell all your works The psalmist proclaims that he will publicly tell of God’s works.

Even though the bulk of Psa 73 is cast as a personal journey, the psalmist seems to always have the community in view. This is supported by his opening reference to Israel (v. 1) as well as his subsequent reference to the community (v. 15).

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