4:9a–b But now that you have come to know God, or rather you have been known by God (νῦν δὲ γνόντες θεόν, μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ θεοῦ). A beautiful picture of conversion is drawn here (cf. 1 Thess 1:9), as Paul contrasts “then” (τότε, 4:8) and “now” (νῦν)—their former lives and their new life in Christ. Then they did not know God, but when the Galatians were converted, they came to know God.4 Such knowledge is not merely abstract and impersonal but has a personal and warm dimension,