Deborah is called a prophetess, one of five such women in the OT (cf. Miriam [Ex. 15:20]; Huldah [2 Kings 22:14]; Isaiah’s wife [Isa. 8:3]; and Noadiah [a false prophetess; Neh. 6:14]). Deborah functioned as a civil leader (Judg. 4:6–10; 5:7) and as a judge who decided cases (4:4–5). She lived in southern Ephraim, near Judah. 4:6–9 Has not the LORD, the God of Israel, commanded you? Deborah did not lead the army herself, but challenged Barak, a man, to do so (see also v. 14); a woman would not normally