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20 Then I saw an angel coming down from heaven with the key to the * abyss f and a great chain g in his hand. 2 He seized the dragon, that ancient serpent who is the Devil and Satan, h i and bound j him for 1,000 years. 3 He threw him into the abyss, closed it, and put a seal on it k so that he would no longer deceive the nations l until the 1,000 years were completed. After that, he must be released for a short time.
The Saints Reign with the Messiah
4 Then I saw thrones, and people seated on them who were given authority to judge. m I also saw the people n o who had been beheaded p because of their testimony about Jesus q and because of God’s word, who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and who had not accepted the mark on their foreheads or their hands. r They came to life s and reigned with the * Messiah for 1,000 years. t 5 The rest of the dead did not come to life until the 1,000 years were completed. This is the first resurrection. 6 Blessed u and holy is the one who shares in the first resurrection! The second death v has no power w over them, but they will be priests of God and of the Messiah, and they will reign with Him for 1,000 years. x
7 When the 1,000 years are completed, Satan will be released from his prison 8 and will go out to deceive the nations y at the four corners of the earth, z Gog and Magog, to gather them for battle. a Their number is like the sand of the sea. b 9 They came up over the surface of the earth and surrounded the encampment of the * saints, the beloved city. c Then fire came down from heaven d and consumed them. e 10 The Devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur where the beast and the false prophet are, f and they will be tormented day and night forever and ever. g
The Great White Throne Judgment
11 Then I saw a great white throne and One seated on it. Earth and heaven fled from His presence, and no place was found for them. h 12 I also saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. i Another book was opened, which is the book of life, j and the dead were judged according to their works k by what was written in the books.
13 Then the sea gave up its dead, and Death and * Hades l gave up their dead; all m were judged according to their works. 14 Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. n This is the second death, the lake of fire. o 15 And anyone not found written in the book of life was thrown into the lake of fire.
21 Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, p for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, q and the sea no longer existed. r 2 I also saw the Holy City, s new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, t prepared like a bride adorned for her husband. u
3 Then I heard a loud voice v from the throne: w x
Look! God’s dwelling y is with humanity,
and He will live with them.
They will be His people, z
and God Himself will be with them
and be their God. a
4 He will wipe away every tear from their eyes. b
Death will no longer exist; c
grief, crying, and pain will exist no longer, d
because the previous things e have passed away. f
5 Then the One seated on the throne said, “Look! I am making everything new.” He also said, “Write, because these words g are faithful and true.” h 6 And He said to me, “It is done! i I am the * Alpha and the Omega, j the Beginning and the End. k I will give water as a gift to the thirsty l from the spring of life. m 7 The victor n will inherit these things, and I will be his God, and he will be My son. o 8 But the cowards, unbelievers, p vile, murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars q—their share will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, r which is the second death.” s
9 Then one of the seven angels, who had held the seven bowls filled with the seven last plagues, t came and spoke with me: “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.” 10 He then carried me away in the Spirit u v to a great and high mountain w and showed me the holy city, Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, 11 arrayed with God’s glory. x Her radiance was like a very precious stone, like a jasper stone, bright as crystal. 12 The city had a massive high wall, with 12 gates. Twelve angels were at the gates; the names of the 12 tribes of Israel’s sons were inscribed on the gates. 13 There were three gates on the east, three gates on the north, three gates on the south, and three gates on the west. y 14 The city wall had 12 foundations, and the 12 names of the Lamb’s 12 apostles were on the foundations.
15 The one who spoke with me had a gold measuring rod z to measure the city, its gates, and its wall. a 16 The city is laid out in a square; its length and width are the same. He measured the city with the rod at 12,000 stadia. b Its length, width, and height are equal. 17 Then he measured its wall, 144 * cubits according to human measurement, which the angel used. 18 The building material of its wall was jasper, and the city was pure gold like clear glass.
19 The foundations of the city wall were adorned with every kind of precious stone: c
the first foundation jasper,
the second sapphire,
the third chalcedony,
the fourth emerald,
the sixth carnelian,
the seventh chrysolite,
the eighth beryl,
the ninth topaz,
the tenth chrysoprase,
the eleventh jacinth,
the twelfth amethyst.
21 The 12 gates are 12 pearls; each individual gate was made of a single pearl. The broad street d of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass.
22 I did not see a sanctuary in it, because the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb are its sanctuary. 23 The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because God’s glory illuminates it, and its lamp is the Lamb. e 24 The nations f will walk in its light, g and the kings of the earth will bring their glory into it. h i 25 Each day its gates will never close because it will never be night there. j 26 They will bring the glory and honor of the nations into it. k l 27 Nothing profane will ever enter it: m no one who does what is vile or false, but only those written in the Lamb’s book of life. n
22 Then he showed me the river o of living water, p sparkling like crystal, q flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb r 2 down the middle of the broad street of the city. The tree of life s was on both sides of the river, bearing 12 kinds of fruit, producing its fruit every month. t The leaves of the tree are for healing the nations, u 3 and there will no longer be any curse. v The throne of God and of the Lamb will be in the city, w and His * slaves will serve Him. 4 They will see His face, x and His name will be on their foreheads. y 5 Night will no longer exist, z and people will not need lamplight or sunlight, because the Lord God will give them light. a And they will reign forever and ever.
6 Then he said to me, “These words are faithful and true. b And the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, c has sent His angel to show His slaves what must quickly take place.” d e
7 “Look, I am coming quickly! f The one who keeps the prophetic words of this book is blessed.” g
8 I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. When I heard and saw them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who had shown them to me. 9 But he said to me, “Don’t do that! I am a fellow slave with you, your * brothers the prophets, and those who keep the words of this book. Worship God.” h 10 He also said to me, “Don’t seal the prophetic words of this book, because the time is near. i 11 Let the unrighteous go on in unrighteousness; let the filthy go on being made filthy; let the righteous go on in righteousness; and let the holy go on being made holy.” j
12 “Look! I am coming quickly, and My reward is with Me k to repay each person according to what he has done. l 13 I am the * Alpha and the Omega, m the First and the Last, n the Beginning and the End. o
14 “Blessed p are those who wash their robes, q so that they may have the right to the tree of life and may enter the city by the gates. 15 Outside are the dogs, r the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices lying. s
16 “I, Jesus, have sent My angel to attest these things to you t for the churches. I am the Root u and the Offspring of David, v the Bright Morning Star.” w
17 Both the Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” Anyone who hears should say, “Come!” And the one who is thirsty should come. Whoever desires should take the living water as a gift. x
18 I testify to everyone who hears the prophetic words of this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues that are written in this book. 19 And if anyone takes away from the words of this prophetic book, God will take away his share of the tree of life and the holy city, written in this book. y
20 He who testifies about these things z says, “Yes, I am coming quickly.”
21 The grace of the Lord Jesus b be with all the * saints. c Amen. d
HCSB Bullet Notes™
HCSB Bullet Notes™ are one of the unique features of the Holman Christian Standard Bible®. These notes explain frequently used biblical words or terms. These “bullet” words (for example: •abyss) are normally marked with a bullet only on their first occurrence in a chapter of the biblical text. However, certain important or easily misunderstood terms, such as •Jews or •slaves, will have more than one bullet per chapter. Other frequently used words, like •gate, are marked with bullets only where the use of the word fits the definitions given below. A few words in footnotes, like •acrostic, also have a bullet.
Abaddon |
| A Hebrew word for either the grave or the realm of the dead |
Abba |
| The Aramaic word for father |
abyss |
| The bottomless pit or the depths (of the sea); the prison for Satan and the demons |
acrostic |
| A device in Hebrew poetry in which each verse begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet |
advocate |
| The Greek word parakletos means one called alongside to help, counsel, or protect; it is used of the Holy Spirit in Jn and in 1Jn. |
Almighty |
| The Hebrew word is El Shaddai; El means God, but the meaning of Shaddai is disputed; traditionally it is translated “Almighty.” |
Alpha and Omega |
| The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet; it is used to refer to God the Father in Rv 1:8 and 21:6, and to Jesus, God the Son, in Rv 22:13. |
Amen |
| The transliteration of a Hebrew word signifying that something is certain, valid, truthful, or faithful; it is often used at the end of biblical songs, hymns, and prayers. |
annihilate(d) |
| During periods of war in Canaan and its neighboring countries, this was the destruction of a city, its inhabitants, and their possessions, including livestock. |
Arabah |
| The section of the Great Rift in Palestine, extending from the Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqabah; the Hebrew word can also be translated as “plain,” referring to any plain or to any part of the Arabah. |
Asaph |
| A musician appointed by David to oversee the music used in worship at the Temple; 12 psalms are attributed to Asaph. |
Asherah(s)/Asherah pole(s) |
| A Canaanite fertility goddess who was the mother of the god Baal; also the wooden poles associated with the worship of her |
Ashtoreth(s) |
| A Canaanite goddess of fertility, love, and war, who was the daughter of Asherah and consort of Baal; the plural form of her name in Hebrew is Ashtaroth. |
Asia |
| A Roman province that is now part of modern Turkey; it did not refer to the modern continent of Asia. |
asleep |
| A term used in reference to believers who have died |
atone/atonement |
| A theological term for God’s provision to deal with human sin; in the OT, it primarily means purification. In some contexts forgiveness, pardon, expiation, propitiation, or reconciliation is included. The basis of atonement is substitutionary sacrifice offered in faith. The OT sacrifices were types and shadows of the great and final sacrifice of Jesus on the cross. |
Baal |
| A fertility god who was the main god of the Canaanite religion and the god of rain and thunderstorms; it is also the Hebrew word meaning “lord,” “master,” “owner,” or “husband.” |
Beelzebul |
| A term of slander, which was variously interpreted “lord of flies,” “lord of dung,” or “ruler of demons” |
Bread of the Presence |
| Bread that was offered in Yahweh’s presence, that is, inside His house, not out on the altar (Lv 24:5–9) |
brothers |
| context of each usage that determines the proper meaning. |
burnt offering(s) |
| Or holocaust; an offering completely burned to ashes; it was used in connection with worship, seeking God’s favor, expiating sin, or averting judgment. |
cause(s) the downfall of/cause(s) to sin |
| The Greek word skandalizo has a root meaning of snare or trap but has no real English counterpart. |
centurion |
| A Roman officer who commanded about 100 soldiers |
Cephas |
| The Aramaic word for rock: it is parallel to the Greek word petros from which the English name Peter is derived; Jn 1:42; 1 Co 1:12. |
cherub(im) |
| A class of winged angels associated with the throne of God who function as guardians and who prevented Adam and Eve from returning to the garden of Eden |
chief priest(s) |
| A group of Jewish temple officers that included the high priest, captain of the temple, temple overseers, and treasurers |
clean |
| When something is clean, it is holy or acceptable to God. When it is unclean, it is unholy (such as an unclean spirit). The term can be used in a ritual sense to apply to moral standards for living. |
company |
| Or cohort; a Roman military unit that numbered as many as 600 men |
completely destroy |
| During periods of war in Canaan and its neighboring countries, this was the destruction of a city, its inhabitants, and their possessions, including livestock. |
Counselor |
| The Greek word parakletos means one called alongside to help, counsel, or protect; it is used of the Holy Spirit in Jn and 1Jn. |
cubit(s) |
| An OT measurement of distance that equaled about 18 inches |
Cush/Cushite |
| The lands of the Nile in southern Egypt, including Nubia and Northern Sudan; also the people who lived in that region |
Decapolis |
| Originally, it referred to a federation of 10 Gentile towns east of the Jordan River. |
denarius/denarii |
| A small silver Roman coin, which was equal to a day’s wage for a common laborer |
divination |
| An attempt to foresee future events or discover hidden knowledge by means of physical objects such as water, arrows, flying birds, or animal livers |
drink offering(s) |
| An offering of a specified amount of wine or beer given along with animal sacrifices; it was poured over the sacrifice before it was burned. |
engaged |
| Jewish engagement was a binding agreement that could only be broken by divorce. |
ephod |
| A vest-like garment extending below the waist and worn under the breastpiece; it was used by both the priests and the high priest. |
everyone |
| Literally sons of man or sons of Adam |
family redeemer |
| A family member who had certain obligations of marriage, redeeming an estate, and punishment of a wrongdoer |
fear(s) God or the Lord/fear of the Lord |
| No single English word conveys every aspect of the word fear in this phrase. The meaning includes worshipful submission, reverential awe, and obedient respect to the covenant-keeping God of Israel. |
firstfruits |
| The agricultural products harvested first and given to God as an offering with more products to come in later harvests; it is also used as a metaphor for the first people to come to faith or for Jesus, the first person to rise from the dead, or for the Spirit who is given to believers as the first portion (or down payment) of our salvation with more to come in eternity. |
fellowship sacrifice(s) or offering(s) |
| An animal offering was given to maintain and strengthen a person’s relationship with God. It was not required as a remedy for impurity or sin but was an expression of thanksgiving for various blessings. An important function of this sacrifice was to provide meat for the priests and the participants in the sacrifice; it was also called the peace offering or the sacrifice of well-being. |
gate(s) |
| The center for community discussions, political meetings, and trying of court cases |
Gittith |
| Perhaps an instrument, musical term, tune from Gath, or song for the grape harvest |
God Almighty |
| The Hebrew word is El Shaddai; El means God, but the meaning of Shaddai is disputed; traditionally it is translated “Almighty.” |
grain offering(s) |
| An offering given along with animal sacrifices or given by itself; a portion was burnt and the priests and participant ate the remainder. |
guilt/guilty |
| The liability to be punished for a fault, a sin, an act, or an omission unless there is forgiveness or atonement; the term normally concerns an objective fact, not a subjective feeling. |
Hades |
| The Greek word for the place of the dead; it corresponds to the Hebrew word Sheol. |
Hallelujah! |
| Or Praise the Lord!; it literally means Praise Yah! (a shortened form of Yahweh) |
headquarters |
| The Latin word Praetorium was used by Greek writers for the residence of the Roman governor; it may also refer to military headquarters, the imperial court, or the emperor’s guard. |
Hebrew |
| Or Aramaic; the translation of this word is debated since some claim Aramaic was commonly spoken in Palestine during NT times. More recently others claim that Hebrew was the spoken language. |
hell/hellfire |
| The Greek word is gehenna; it is the Aramaic term for the Valley of Hinnom on the south side of Jerusalem; formerly, it was a place of human sacrifice, and in NT times, a place for the burning of garbage; it is the place of final judgment for those rejecting Christ. |
Herod |
| The name of the Idumean family ruling Palestine from 37 B.C. to A.D. 95; the main rulers from this family mentioned in the NT are: |
Herod I |
| (37 B.C.–4 B.C.) also known as Herod the Great; built the great temple in Jerusalem and massacred the male babies in Bethlehem |
Herod Antipas |
| (4 B.C.–A.D. 39) son of Herod the Great; ruled one-fourth of his father’s kingdom (Galilee and Perea); killed John the Baptist and mocked Jesus |
Agrippa I |
| (A.D. 37–44) grandson of Herod the Great; beheaded James the apostle and imprisoned Peter |
Agrippa II |
| (A.D. 52–c. 95) great-grandson of Herod the Great; heard Paul’s defense |
Herodians |
| Political supporters of Herod the Great and his family |
Herodians |
| They were the political supporters of Herod the Great and his family. |
hidden plan |
| Translation of the Greek word mysterion; it is a secret hidden in the past but now revealed. |
Higgaion |
| Term used for a musical notation, for a device denoting a pause in an instrumental interlude, or for a murmuring harp tone |
high place(s) |
| An ancient place of worship most often associated with pagan religions; it was usually built on an elevated location. |
horn |
| A symbol of power based on the strength of animal horns |
Hosanna |
| A term of praise derived from the Hebrew word for save |
Host(s) |
| Military forces consisting of God’s angels, sometimes including the sun, moon, and stars, and occasionally Israel |
human race |
| Literally sons of man or sons of Adam |
I assure you |
| This is a phrase used only by Jesus to testify to the certainty and importance of His words; in Mt, Mk, and Lk it is literally Amen, I say to you; in Jn it is literally Amen, amen, I say to you. |
in this way |
| The Greek word houtos, commonly translated in Jn 3:16 as “so” or “so much,” occurs over 200 times in the NT. Almost without exception it is an adverb of manner, not degree (for example, see Mt 1:18). It only means “so much” when modifying an adjective (see Gal 3:3; Rev 16:18). Manner seems primarily in view in Jn 3:16, which explains the HCSB’s rendering. |
Jews |
| In Jn, the term Jews usually indicates those in Israel who were opposed to Jesus, particularly the Jewish authorities in Jerusalem who led the nation. |
justification/justify/justified |
| The act of God as judge that declares sinners (who were in the wrong) to be right or righteous in His sight. God is just in doing this because Jesus died on the cross to take away their sins and to give them His own righteousness (2Co 5:21). The sinner receives this justification by faith and by grace when he trusts Christ's work. |
language(s) |
| The Greek word glossa can refer to the tongue as the organ of speech (see Mk 7:33) or to language the tongue produces. In certain NT passages, scholars differ on whether the term refers to human languages or to ecstatic speech capable only of divine interpretation (“speaking in tongues”). |
Leviathan |
| Or twisting one; a mythological sea serpent or dragon associated with the chaos at creation; sometimes it is applied to an animal such as a crocodile. |
life/lives |
| The same Greek word (psyche) can be translated life or soul. |
mankind |
| Literally sons of man or sons of Adam |
Mary Magdalene |
| Or Mary of Magdala; Magdala was probably a town on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, north of Tiberias. |
Maskil |
| It is from a Hebrew word meaning to be prudent or to have insight; it could also mean a contemplative, instructive, or wisdom psalm. |
men |
| Literally sons of man or sons of Adam |
mercy seat |
| Or place of atonement; it was the gold lid on the ark of the covenant that was first in the tabernacle and later in the temple. |
Messiah |
| Or the Christ; the Greek word is Christos and means the anointed one. Where the NT emphasizes Christos as a name of our Lord or has a Gentile context, “Christ” is used. Where the NT Christos has a Jewish context, the title “Messiah” is used. |
Miktam |
| A musical term of uncertain meaning; it possibly denotes a plaintive style. |
Milcom |
| An Ammonite god who was the equivalent of Baal, the Canaanite storm god |
Molech |
| A Canaanite god associated with death and the underworld; the worship ritual of passing someone through the fire is connected with him. This ritual could have been either fire-walking or child sacrifice. |
Most High |
| The Hebrew word is Elyon; it is often used with other names of God, such as Hebrew El (God) or Yahweh (Lord); it is used to refer to God as the supreme being. |
Mount of Olives |
| A mountain east of Jerusalem across the Kidron Valley |
mystery |
| Translation of the Greek word mysterion; it is a secret hidden in the past but now revealed. |
Nazarene |
| A person from Nazareth; growing up in Nazareth was an aspect of the Messiah’s humble beginnings; Jn 1:46. |
Negev |
| An arid region in the southern part of Israel; the Hebrew word means south. |
offend(ed) |
| The Greek word skandalizo has a root meaning of snare or trap but has no real English counterpart. |
offspring |
| This term is used literally or metaphorically to refer to plants or grain, sowing or harvest, male reproductive seed, human children or physical descendants, and also to spiritual children or to Christ (Gl 3:16). |
One and Only |
| Or one of a kind, or incomparable, or only begotten; the Greek word can refer to someone’s only child as in Lk 7:12; 8:42; 9:38. It can also refer to someone’s special child as in Heb 11:17. |
oracle |
| A prophetic speech of a threatening or menacing character; it was often spoken against the nations. |
overseer(s) |
| Or elder(s), or bishop(s) |
palace |
| The Latin word Praetorium was used by Greek writers for the residence of the Roman governor; it may also refer to military headquarters, the imperial court, or the emperor’s guard. |
Passover |
| The Israelite festival celebrated on the fourteenth day of the first month, in the early spring; it was a celebration of the deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt, commemorating the final plague on Egypt when the firstborn were killed. |
people |
| Literally sons of man or sons of Adam |
perverted men |
| Literally sons of Belial; in Hebrew, the basic meaning of Belial is worthless. |
Pharisee(s) |
| A religious sect of Judaism that followed the whole written and oral law |
Pilate |
| Pontius Pilate was governor of the province of Judea a.d. 26–36. |
Pit |
| A term for either the grave or the realm of the dead |
proconsul |
| The chief Roman government official in a senatorial province who presided over Roman court hearings |
propitiation |
| The removal of divine wrath; Jesus’ death is the means that turns God’s wrath from the sinner. |
proselyte(s) |
| A person from another race or religion who went through a prescribed ritual to become a Jew |
Rabbi |
| The Hebrew word means my great one; it is used for a recognized teacher of the Scriptures. |
Rabshakeh |
| The title of a high-ranking Assyrian official who was the chief cupbearer to the king |
Rahab |
| Or boisterous one; it is the name of a mythological sea serpent or dragon defeated at the time of creation. Scripture sometimes uses the name metaphorically to describe Egypt. |
redemption/redeemed |
| The deliverance from bondage by a payment or ransom (Mk 10:45; 1 Pt 1:18–19) |
Red Sea |
| Literally Sea of Reeds |
regiment |
| Or cohort; a Roman military unit that numbered as many as 600 men |
restitution offering(s) |
| An offering that was a penalty for unintentional sins, primarily committed in relation to the tabernacle or temple; it is traditionally translated trespass or guilt offering. |
sackcloth |
| A garment made of poor quality material and worn as a sign of grief and mourning |
sacred bread |
| Literally bread of presentation; these were 12 loaves of bread, representing the 12 tribes of Israel and put on the table in the holy place in the tabernacle and later in the temple. The priests ate the previous week’s loaves; Ex 25:30; 29:32; Lv 24:5–9. |
Sadducee(s) |
| A religious sect of Judaism that mainly followed the first 5 books of the OT (the Torah or Pentateuch) |
saint(s)/sanctification/sanctify/sanctified |
| The work of the Holy Spirit that separates believers in Jesus from the world; at the time of saving faith in Jesus, the believer is made a saint; therefore, all believers are saints. The believer participates with the Spirit in a process of transformation that continues until glorification. The goal of sanctification is progressive conformity to the image of Jesus Christ. |
Samaritan(s) |
| A people of mixed, Gentile/Jewish ancestry who lived between Galilee and Judea and were hated by the Jews |
Sanhedrin |
| The supreme council of Judaism; it had 70 members and was patterned after Moses’ 70 elders. |
scribe(s) |
| A professional group in Judaism that copied the law of Moses and interpreted it, especially in legal cases |
secret |
| Translation of the Greek word mysterion; it is a secret hidden in the past but now revealed. |
seed |
| This term is used literally or metaphorically to refer to plants or grain, sowing or harvest, male reproductive seed, human children or physical descendants, and also to spiritual children or to Christ (Gl 3:16). |
Selah |
| A Hebrew word whose meaning is uncertain; various interpretations include: (1) a musical notation, (2) a pause for silence, (3) a signal for worshipers to fall prostrate on the ground, (4) a term for the worshipers to call out, and (5) a word meaning forever. |
set apart for destruction |
| During periods of war in Canaan and its neighboring countries, this was the destruction of a city, its inhabitants, and their possessions, including livestock. |
shekel(s) |
| In the OT the shekel is a measurement of weight that came to be used as money, either gold or silver. |
Sheminith |
| A musical term meaning instruments or on the instrument of eight strings |
Sheol |
| A Hebrew word for either the grave or the realm of the dead |
Shinar |
| A land in Mesopotamia, including ancient Sumer and Babylon; it is modern Iraq. |
sin offering(s) |
| Or purification offering; it was the most important OT sacrifice for cleansing from impurities. It provided purification from sin and certain forms of ceremonial uncleanness. |
slave(s) |
| The strong Greek word doulos cannot be accurately translated in English as servant or bond servant; the HCSB translates this word as slave, not out of insensitivity to the legitimate concerns of modern English speakers, but out of a commitment to accurately convey the brutal reality of the Roman empire’s inhumane institution as well as the ownership called for by Christ. |
Son of Man |
| Most frequent title Jesus used for Himself (Dn 7:13; Mt 8:20) |
song of ascents |
| A term that probably refers to the songs pilgrims sang as they traveled the roads going up to worship in Jerusalem (Pss 120–134) |
soul |
| The same Greek word (psyche) can be translated life or soul. |
stumble |
| The Greek word skandalizo has a root meaning of snare or trap but has no real English counterpart. |
synagogue |
| This is a place where the Jewish people met for prayer, worship, and teaching of the Scriptures. |
tabernacle(s) |
| Or tent, or shelter; a term used for temporary housing. |
take offense |
| The Greek word skandalizo has a root meaning of snare or trap but has no real English counterpart. |
tassel |
| Fringe put on the clothing of devout Jews to remind them to keep the law; Nm 15:37–41 |
temple complex |
| In the Jerusalem temple, the complex included the sanctuary (the holy place and the holy of holies), at least 4 courtyards (for priests, Jews, women, and Gentiles), numerous gates, and several covered walkways. |
testimony |
| A reference to either the Mosaic law in general or to a specific section of the law, the Ten Commandments, which were written on stone tablets and placed in the ark of the covenant (also called the ark of the testimony) |
Topheth |
| A place of human sacrifice that was located outside Jerusalem in the Hinnom Valley (Jr 7:31–32) |
unclean |
| When something is clean, it is holy or acceptable to God. When it is unclean, it is unholy (such as an unclean spirit). The term can be used in a ritual sense to apply to moral standards for living. |
Unleavened Bread |
| A seven-day festival celebrated in conjunction with the Passover (Ex 12:1–20) |
Urim & Thummim |
| Two objects used by Israelite priests to determine God’s will |
wadi |
| A valley, ravine, or stream that is dry except in the rainy season |
walk(ed)/walking |
| A term often used in a figurative way to mean “way of life” or “behavior” |
wicked men |
| Literally sons of Belial; in Hebrew, the basic meaning of Belial is worthless. |
wise men |
| The Greek word is magoi; the English word “magi” is based on a Persian word. They were eastern sages who observed the heavens for signs and omens. |
woman |
| When used in direct address, “Woman” was not a term of disrespect but of honor. |
world |
| The organized Satanic system that is opposed to God and hostile to Jesus and His followers; it also refers to the non-Christian culture including governments, educational systems, and businesses. |
wormwood |
| A small shrub that was used as a medicinal herb and noted for its bitter taste |
Yah/Yahweh |
| Or The Lord; it is the personal name of God in Hebrew; “Yah” is the shortened form. Yahweh is used in places where the personal name of God is discussed (Ps 68:4) or in places of His self-identification (Is 42:8). |
Zion |
| Originally a term for the fortified section of Jerusalem and then, by extension, used for the temple and the city of Jerusalem both in the present time and in the future |
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About The Holman Christian Standard BibleThe complete Holman Christian Standard Bible® is now available for the first time ever! More than fifteen years in the making, crafted by the shared expertise of nearly a hundred conservative scholars and English stylists, the Holman CSB® sets the standard in painstaking biblical accuracy and pure literary form. Accurate, yet highly readable, it's a translation committed to leaving both the grace and gravity of the original languages intact while carefully creating a smooth flow of wording for the reader. Stylistically, this inaugural edition contributes to the clarity of the written Word, arranging the poetic portions of the Scripture into complete lines of thought, and revering God's presence on each page by capitalizing all the pronouns that refer to Him. |
Support Info | hcsb |
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